This is Technology Ethics by Sven Nyholm & Steven D. Hales
Author:Sven Nyholm & Steven D. Hales [Sven Nyholm]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781119755579
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Published: 2023-01-05T00:00:00+00:00
6.3 Responsibility Gaps: General Background
6.24 Why might it be thought that technologies could create gaps in responsibility? To understand this, it is a good idea to first reflect on general ideas that many people have about what makes people responsible for things. Again, we will consider both positive responsibility and negative responsibility. That is, why do we sometimes think that people deserve praise for their achievements? And why do we sometimes think that people deserve blame or other forms of criticisms for bad things they do or bad outcomes that have come about?
6.25 Of course, as with many things, there are different theories about these matters. We will not be able to consider all of them here. Instead, we will focus on theories that seem especially relevant in this context. Let us first consider positive responsibility in the backwardâlooking sense. In other words, there is something good that has happened, and somebody deserves credit for it.
6.26 One useful theory that one can look at here is the philosopher Gwen Bradford's theory of what makes something count as an achievement. Another useful theory is Hannah Maslen and her colleagues' theory of praiseworthiness. It seems appropriate to marry these two accounts together since achievements are, in essence, a positive manifestation of responsibility. Putting together these theories, we get something along the following lines.
6.27 Whenever we are assessing the value of somebody's achievements, the following four variables make sense to keep in mind:
The value of the output produced: the better some output is, the more it makes sense to think of it as being an achievement worthy of praise.
The nature of the contribution of the person(s) under consideration: the more significantly somebody has contributed to the production of some outputâand the less it is a matter of luck that the output was producedâthe more it makes sense to view it as an achievement worthy of praise.
The cost of the commitment on behalf of the person(s): typically, the more effort, time, attention, and stress had to be exerted, the more it makes sense to view something as an achievement worthy of praise.
The voluntariness of the commitment and efforts of the person(s): the more it is the case that one has voluntarily determined to pursue some outcome, the more it makes sense to view it is an achievement worthy of praise.
Download
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.
Learning SQL by Alan Beaulieu(6008)
Weapons of Math Destruction by Cathy O'Neil(5801)
Digital Minimalism by Cal Newport;(5347)
iGen by Jean M. Twenge(5136)
Sapiens by Yuval Noah Harari(5100)
The Age of Surveillance Capitalism by Shoshana Zuboff(3964)
Elon Musk by Ashlee Vance(3838)
Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe(3765)
Apollo 8 by Jeffrey Kluger(3491)
Future Crimes by Marc Goodman(3351)
The Science Book (Big Ideas Simply Explained) by DK(3125)
Who Can You Trust? by Rachel Botsman(3019)
I Live in the Future & Here's How It Works by Nick Bilton(2825)
Infinite Energy Technologies by Finley Eversole(2814)
Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson(2735)
Dawn of the New Everything by Jaron Lanier(2675)
Chernobyl by Serhii Plokhy(2424)
Ben Franklin's Almanac by Candace Fleming(2368)
The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution by Walter Isaacson(2368)
